平邑甜茶根系 NO 和活性氧对钠与氯离子胁迫的反应

 以平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis）实生苗为试材,在水培条件下研究了氯化钠（NaCl）、钠离 子（Na+）和氯离子（Cl-）对根系一氧化氮（NO）和活性氧（ROS）生成速率以及膜脂过氧化的影响。 结果表明：在相同浓度等渗透势NaCl、Na⁺和Cl^-盐溶液处理下,平邑甜茶根系NO 和超氧阴离子 产生速率以及丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量均升高,升高数值由大到小均为NaCl>Cl^- >Na⁺ 处理,并且NaCl 处理下的所测各指标的数值均小于Na+和Cl-单独处理下两者的加和,显示在NaCl 胁迫 诱导平邑甜茶根系积累ROS 和NO 进而引起氧化伤害的过程中,Cl^-的作用大于Na⁺,NaCl 引起的胁迫效 应并不是Na⁺和Cl^-胁迫效应的简单叠加。     

Establishment of insulinoma animal models and observation of tumor characteristics

AIM：To establish the animal model of insulinoma and to analyze the properties of insulinoma for further study. METHODS：The hormone-releasing ability of rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 was detected in vitro. INS-1 cells were transplanted into the left kidney capsule of nude mice. The islets of the animals were destroyed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) 3 d before transplantation or 2 weeks after transplantation. The venous blood was sampled, and the level of blood glucose less than 2.8 mmol/L was defined as successful establishment of insulinoma model. Different irritants were given to the model animals, and the changes of blood glucose and insulin content in serum were observed. The pancreatic tissues and the renal tissues in the injecting sites were taken from all mice for detecting insulin and glucagon by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS：Insulinoma cells expressed insulin and glucagon at the same time. The blood glucose was less than 2.8 mmol/L 3 to 4 weeks after inoculation of INS-1 cells. Apparent tumor formed in the left kidneys where INS-1 cells were transplanted and the tumor diameters were more than 1 cm. The level of blood glucose transiently increased to higher than the normal level in the mice with tumor cell transplantation after intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and then decreased gradually and returned to less than 2.8 mmol/L after 2 weeks. The level of blood glucose in the normal nude mice after administration of STZ increased significantly. After transplantation of INS-1 cells, the level of blood glucose decreased gradually, and returned to less than 2.8 mmol/L after 4 weeks. After stimulated with high glucose, the blood glucose levels in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models showed lower glucose peaks than that in the normal control mice. After stimulated with high glucose plus arginine or acetylcholine in the normal animals, the blood glucose peak was lower than that in the normal animals only stimulated with high glucose, and rapidly recovered to the normal level. However, the levels of blood glucose in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models under the same stimulations were significantly higher than that in the mice only stimulated with high glucose. After stimulated with high glucose plus norepinephrine, the blood glucose peak time in the normal animals delayed, and the blood glucose level declined slowly. After stimulated with high glucose plus norepinephrine, the levels of blood glucose in the mice with 3 methods to establish the insulinoma models increased as compared with that in the mice only stimulated with high glucose. Compared with normal control group, serum insulin in insulinoma mice increased significantly. CONCLUSION：The insulinoma animal model is successfully established by transplantation of INS-1 cells into the renal capsule of nude mice. The insulinoma cells express both insulin and glucagon, and are not easily damaged by STZ.     

耕作与施肥方式对油菜产量和养分吸收利用的影响

基于2 个轮作周期的定位试验,研究了耕作与施肥方式对直播油菜产量、养分积累规律和肥料利用率的影响,为成都平原稻油轮作区科学施肥提供理论依据。试验设置8 个耕作与施肥处理:免耕不施肥(NCK)、旋耕不施肥(RCK)、免耕撒施(NS)、免耕穴施(NHF)、免耕条施(NBP)、旋耕撒施(RS)、旋耕穴施(RHF)、旋耕条施(RBP),分析了油菜成熟期氮、磷和钾养分积累规律、肥料利用率和产量差异。结果表明:1)与免耕相比,土壤旋耕方式下,油菜根、茎、枝、角果壳和籽粒中的氮含量分别显著提高46.9%、14.0%、19.3%、9.5% 和4.2%,磷含量分别显著提高65.3%、34.6%、17.9%、7.8% 和4.8%,整株氮、磷积累量分别显著增加14.8 ～ 22.5 和2.1 ～ 2.9 kg·hm-2,增幅达13.0% 和11.6%(P<0.05)。油菜根部养分含量对耕作方式差异响应较敏感,旋耕方式下根部氮、磷积累量及分配比例较免耕方式均明显提高。2)与撒施相比,肥料穴施和条施能显著提高成熟期油菜植株氮素吸收利用,根、枝、角果壳和籽粒的氮含量分别提高34.5%、36.4%、31.6% 和12.8%,整株氮积累量增加9.2 ～ 27.4 kg·hm-2,增幅达6.9% ～ 18.3%。油菜磷素和钾素的吸收利用对施肥方式的响应不及氮素。3)旋耕较免耕,肥料穴施、条施较撒施均能提高直播油菜籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,RHF 处理的籽粒产量与氮肥利用率最高,与NS 处理相比,产量显著提高16.1%,氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率及偏生产力分别提高36.8%、13.4% 和16.2%(P<0.05)。因此,土壤旋耕与肥料穴施结合是该地区油菜高效生产较为适宜的种植方式,在油菜大面积生产中,旋耕条件下应选择穴施和条施,免耕条件下以穴施为宜。     

大白菜新品种哈白 5 号的选育

哈白5号大白菜是利用自交不亲和系86-6-4和自交系v-2-6杂交培育而成的一代杂种。该品种株型紧凑,结球紧实、整齐,长势旺盛,叶色深绿,净菜率76.0%以上;高抗病毒病、霜霉病,同时耐软腐病;生育期76 d左右,每667 m2平均产量8857.91 kg,适宜在黑龙江省作早秋大白菜种植。     

利用RNA-seq筛选调控当归抽薹主要候选基因

当归提前抽薹严重影响产量,而当归抽薹分子遗传机理尚不清楚。本研究利用RNA-seq技术对连续五代抽薹当归的叶片、茎段、种子、根进行测序,对所有组装后的Unigenes进行功能注释,寻找调控当归抽薹主要候选基因。结果表明:在当归的叶片、根、种子、茎段转录本中分别得到7.1、7.63、7.23、6.59 Gb数据,通过Nr、Nt、Swissprot、KEGG、KOG、Interpro、GO、Intersection、Overall等蛋白数据库进行蛋白质预测,分别预测了71 024、59 931、49 694、51 832、55 320、46 908、35 598、17 133、79 161个蛋白。所有转录本中80.13%预测蛋白与胡萝卜同源。在KEGG通路中共有2 666个差异表达的基因参与植物信号传导;与拟南芥、胡萝卜、芥菜中参与调控开花相关基因比对,共筛选出56条候选基因,将56条候选基因在NCBI中进行核酸比对,得到与直接控制抽薹AP1转录因子同源的Unigene45683_All、激活AP1转录因子的整合子FT和FD同源的Unigene11264_All、参与拟南芥光周期调控基因CO (CONSTANS)的同源基因Unigene4344_All、在芥菜中促进抽薹整合因子SOC1的表达的AGL24或直接作用于抽薹决定基因LFY的同源基因Unigene46836_All、Unigene7820_All、CL10006.Contig2_All。因此,上述候选基因很有可能参与调控当归抽薹相关分子机制。本研究筛选到与当归抽薹相关的候选基因,有助于了解当归抽薹相关分子机制,为挖掘控制当归抽薹相关基因提供理论依据。     

密度、氮肥互作对小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响

为了探明小麦产量和氮素利用效率同步提高的最佳施氮量和种植密度,制定合理的栽培措施,实现高产高效提供理论依据,以大穗型品种泰农18（T18）和中穗型品种山农15（S15）为试材,在大田条件下设置4个播种密度（60、75、90和105 kg/hm2）和3个施氮水平（0、180和240 kg/hm2）,研究了氮密互作对小麦子粒产量和氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明,播种密度和施氮量均显著影响冬小麦产量及构成因素,且两者间存在明显的互作效应;两因素中密度是导致产量变化的主导因素。子粒产量提高引起氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率的协同提高。综合考虑产量和氮素利用效率等因素,在本试验条件下,泰农18的适宜播量为102 kg/hm2,适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2;而山农15的适宜播量为83 kg/hm2,适宜的施氮量为180 kg/hm2。说明在冬小麦高产栽培过程中,可以通过调节施氮量和播种密度,充分利用氮密互作效应,在提高氮素利用率的同时,获得较高的子粒产量。     

VB5.0在初步开发小流域水土保持规划信息系统中的应用

分析了小流域水土保持规划信息系统的结构,利用ＧＩＳ工具软件建立水土资源数据库,探讨了在ＶＢ环境下应用面向对象的程度设计方法、事件驱动编程机制。并着重介绍了“小流域水土保持规划信息系统”的开发模式及开发要点,可供水土保持工作参考。     

臭氧胁迫下外源脱落酸对矮牵牛的影响

臭氧作为大气中主要的污染气体之一,对植物的毒害作用已引起人们的广泛关注。脱落酸(ABA)作为一种渗透调节物质,其浓度变化可以调节和改善植物对逆境的适应能力。该试验以观赏型矮牵牛为试材,通过开顶箱(OTCs)模拟熏蒸,研究高浓度O_3(100nmol·mol-1)下叶面喷施5、30μmol·L~(-1) ABA对矮牵牛抗性生理指标的变化规律。结果表明:在臭氧胁迫下矮牵牛叶片出现失水皱缩、水渍斑块症状,随着喷施ABA浓度提高,以上症状减轻;光合色素含量显著升高,喷施ABA的处理光合色素含量与对照值接近;喷施5μmol·L~(-1)和30μmol·L~(-1) ABA处理后,较喷施蒸馏水的处理,矮牵牛叶片MDA含量显著下降27.78%~55.22%,POD活性提高11.53%~47.72%,SOD活性提高33.94%,CAT活性提高125.45%~525.00%;可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降22.95%~23.02%。以上结果说明,ABA有效缓解了臭氧对矮牵牛的伤害,但矮牵牛的伤害程度随着高浓度臭氧熏蒸时间的增加而增加,且不同的品种表现出一定的差异。     

冬枣绿盲蝽的发生与无公害防治

近年来绿盲蝽已成为我国冬枣的主要害虫。其刺吸冬枣幼嫩部分的汁液进行危害,造成花芽分化不良,落蕾落花,叶片穿孔,枣果畸形脱落,导致严重的经济损失。本文综述了绿盲蝽的分布、发生规律和危害特点,分析了其成灾原因。针对目前绿盲蝽发生的特点以及防治中的问题,介绍了冬枣园绿盲蝽无公害化防治技术。     

嗜盐枝芽孢菌A355的分离及种属鉴定

通过高盐选择性培养基平板分离法,从陕西定边盐湖土壤样品中分离筛选极端嗜盐菌株,并通过传统的表型特征(包括形态学观察、生长因子实验、生理生化特征)和系统发育学16S rDNA序列分析鉴定嗜盐菌株的分类学地位。结果表明,分离筛选出1株最适生长盐浓度在10%-15%的细菌菌株A355,初步鉴定其为中度嗜盐菌,属于厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)芽孢杆菌科(Bacillaceae)枝芽孢菌属(Virgibacillus salarius sp.)。